The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on insomnia and sleep quality: A systematic review

Background Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as a type of behavioral therapy, attempts to respond to changes in people’s performance and their relationship to events. ACT can affect sleep quality by providing techniques to enhance the flexibility of patients’ thoughts, yet maintaining mindfullness. Therefore, for the first time, a systematic review on the effects of ACT on sleep quality has been conducted. Methods This systematic review was performed to determine the effect of ACT on insomnia and sleep quality. To collect articles, the PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Mag Iran, Irandoc, and Google Scholar databases were searched, without a lower time-limit, and until April 2020. Results Related articles were derived from 9 research repositories, with no lower time-limit and until April 2020. After assessing 1409 collected studies, 278 repetitive studies were excluded. Moreover, following the primary and secondary evaluations of the remaining articles, 1112 other studies were removed, and finally a total of 19 intervention studies were included in the systematic review process. Within the remaining articles, a sample of 1577 people had been assessed for insomnia and sleep quality. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that ACT has a significant effect on primary and comorbid insomnia and sleep quality, and therefore, it can be used as an appropriate treatment method to control and improve insomnia

Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion

Quantitation of the dissolution of battery-grade copper foils in lithium-ion battery electrolytes by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was shown to be an effective method to quantitatively evaluate the stability of battery-grade copper foils in lithium-ion battery electrolytes at open-circuit. The results showed that copper stability was different between "fresh" electrolyte and electrolytes that had been "aged" for 6 months. In the "fresh" electrolyte, the copper foils showed a small amount of dissolution (up to similar to50 ppm) during their storage for up to 20 weeks. In the "aged" electrolyte, a large amount of copper dissolution (up to several hundred ppm) was found. The study showed that the condition of the electrolytes was critical to the stability of the copper foils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Open-circuit voltage study of graphite-coated copper foil electrodes in lithium-ion battery electrolytes

The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of graphite-coated copper foil electrodes in Li-ion battery electrolytes was found to vary over time. A detailed study showed that the OCV first rapidly decreased until reaching a minimum, and then gradually increased until reaching a steady state. These results were compared with OCV studies of graphite-coated aluminum foil and copper foil without graphite coating. The influence of hydrofluoric acid and thermal treatment of the graphite coating was also studied. Combined with copper dissolution studies using atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the interaction of the graphite coating with electrolyte solution was the main causative factor that resulted in the OCV variation. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society